{ "schema_version": "1.0", "id": "whole-home-repiping", "version": "1.2.0", "updated": "2026-09-09", "title": "Whole-home repiping in the Salt Lake Valley", "summary": "Understand when to repair or repipe, recognize failing water and drain materials, compare replacement pipe, and plan the work with a connected 3D house.", "maintainer": "Mountain Man Plumbing", "sources": [ { "id": "pb", "title": "Plastics Pipe Institute · Polybutylene and PEX", "url": "https://www.plasticpipe.org/common/Uploaded%20files/Technical/PPI-TN-31.pdf", "note": "TN-31, 2023: PB tubing and fitting failures, material differences and connection compatibility." }, { "id": "hud", "title": "HUD · Inspecting existing water piping", "url": "https://www.huduser.gov/Publications/pdf/rehabinspect_3.pdf#page=9", "note": "Existing-pipe inspection, restricted flow and corrosion in galvanized distribution." }, { "id": "uponor", "title": "Uponor · Residential plumbing installation guide", "url": "https://www.uponor.com/getmedia/dd4b1f73-64ec-456b-a72c-e37ee8eed9f3/residential-plumbing-install-guidepdf?sitename=USA", "note": "PEX routing, connections, support, protection and testing for the Uponor system." }, { "id": "nsf", "title": "NSF · Drinking-water plumbing materials", "url": "https://www.nsf.org/consumer-resources/articles/faucets-plumbing-products", "note": "Material uses and NSF/ANSI/CAN 61 certification for products contacting drinking water." }, { "id": "cpvc", "title": "FlowGuard Gold · Servicing existing CPVC", "url": "https://www.flowguardgold.com/service-plumber-resources", "note": "Handling aged CPVC and solvent-cement joints." }, { "id": "permit", "title": "Salt Lake City · Building permits", "url": "https://www.slc.gov/buildingservices/building-permits/", "note": "Local plumbing alteration permits and inspection coordination." }, { "id": "cast", "title": "Charlotte Pipe · Cast iron technical manual", "url": "https://www.charlottepipe.com/uploads/documents/technical/TM-CI.pdf", "note": "February 2026 edition: drainage layout, pipe support, joints and corrosion conditions." }, { "id": "transition", "title": "Fernco · Shielded transition couplings", "url": "https://www.fernco.com/plumbing/shielded-couplings/proflex-couplings", "note": "Above-ground connections between cast iron and other drain materials." }, { "id": "plastics", "title": "Charlotte Pipe · ABS and PVC drain piping", "url": "https://www.charlottepipe.com/uploads/documents/technical/TM-PL.pdf", "note": "ABS and PVC DWV materials, drainage fittings and solvent-cement joining." }, { "id": "copper", "title": "Copper Development Association · Copper connections", "url": "https://www.copper.org/applications/plumbing/overview/cu_alloy_tube_pipe.php", "note": "Copper tubing and soldered, brazed and mechanical joining methods." }, { "id": "pex-types", "title": "Viega · PEX-A and PEX-B explained", "url": "https://www.viega.us/en/resources/Blog/what-is-the-difference-between-pex-a-pex-b-and-pex-c.html", "note": "Manufacturing methods, flexibility and product-specific connection systems." }, { "id": "pex-connections", "title": "SharkBite · PEX connection methods", "url": "https://www.sharkbite.com/us/en/resources/blog/new-build-remodels/piping-systems-comparison-education/which-pex-connection-is-best-push-to-connect-press-expansion-and-crimp", "note": "How expansion, crimp, press and push-to-connect joints work." }, { "id": "zurn-expansion", "title": "Zurn · PEX-B with expansion connections", "url": "https://www.zurn.com/us/en/news-media/press-releases-archive/2016-2020/zurn-completes-pex-portfolio-new-solution.html", "note": "Silane-process PEX with manufacturer-approved crimp and F1960 expansion systems." } ], "reasons": [ { "id": "polybutylene", "name": "Polybutylene", "tag": "01 / The gray plastic pipe", "intro": "Polybutylene, often called PB or Poly-B, is the older plastic water line that puts a planned repipe on the table. It runs to the fixtures throughout the house, so finding it at one repair is a reason to look at the rest of the system.", "explanation": "Some early plastic fittings became brittle through chemical deterioration. PB tubing also experienced failures associated with hot chlorinated water. Leaks can develop at a connection or along the tubing. Replacing one failed piece leaves the remaining PB in service.", "look": "Often gray flexible tubing with crimped connections. The letters PB or the material name printed on an exposed section identify the pipe.", "decision": "A repair gets the failed connection working again. A repipe replaces the remaining PB runs serving the house. We trace those branches before starting so a new line at the water heater does not leave old PB feeding the upstairs bathroom.", "image": "/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/old-pipe-milcreek-leak-repair.png", "alt": "Gray polybutylene piping and old connections removed during Mountain Man Plumbing's Millcreek leak repair", "caption": "Polybutylene removed on our Millcreek leak-repair job.", "project": "/past-work-millcreek-polybutylene-leak-repair/", "source_ids": [ "pb" ] }, { "id": "galvanized", "name": "Galvanized steel", "tag": "02 / The pipe that closes up inside", "intro": "Galvanized pipe is steel protected by zinc. Over time, rust and deposits can narrow the inside passage while the pipe and threaded connections deteriorate.", "explanation": "The shower can lose flow when another tap opens because the restricted shared line struggles to supply both. Leaks at old threads and rusty water add to the picture.", "look": "Rigid gray metal pipe with threaded elbows and tees. Removed sections reveal how much of the inside passage remains.", "decision": "We compare the restricted runs with the incoming supply and valves. Replacing corroded distribution pipe restores its passage; a failing pressure regulator or partly closed valve needs its own repair.", "image": "/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/prv-replacement-west-jordan-old-corroded-prv-galvanized-nipples-removed.png.webp", "alt": "Old corroded galvanized nipples, gate valve and pressure regulator removed from a West Jordan home", "caption": "Old galvanized connections removed during our West Jordan valve and regulator work.", "project": "/past-work-west-jordan-prv-replacement-2/", "source_ids": [ "hud" ] } ], "other_reasons": [ { "title": "Leaks recurring across several rooms", "text": "A history of failures on separate runs can make replacing the network more useful than continuing to open one ceiling after another. The inspection looks at the failed pipe, joints, pressure and where the damage repeats." }, { "title": "Copper with recurring pinhole leaks", "text": "Small holes through the tube wall can lead to repeated water damage. We inspect the affected sections and compare the hot and cold systems to understand the pattern and plan the replacement scope." }, { "title": "Freeze damage or poorly placed lines", "text": "A reroute can bring vulnerable supply lines into heated space. The new route needs support, protection at framing and a workable connection to each fixture." }, { "title": "A remodel that opens the right walls", "text": "An open basement ceiling or bathroom wall can give access to old supply runs that are otherwise expensive to reach. Coordinating the repipe with that opening can reduce duplicate demolition and finish work." } ], "parts": [ { "id": "overview", "name": "The water network", "floor": "Whole house", "what": "Cold water enters the house and branches toward the fixtures. One branch feeds the water heater. A separate hot-water network leaves the heater and supplies the sinks, shower and laundry.", "repipe": "We trace each branch from the main supply to its last connection. That includes the easy-to-miss outlets: the refrigerator, dishwasher, outdoor faucets and hot-water return. Each one needs a working connection when the old network is retired." }, { "id": "water-entry", "name": "Main water shutoff", "floor": "Basement / service entry", "what": "This valve shuts off the incoming water feeding the indoor pipes. The first distribution runs carry that water toward the heater and the rest of the home.", "repipe": "The new indoor network starts at a sound connection near the house entry. We operate the main shutoff and check the pressure regulator here before connecting the replacement runs." }, { "id": "heater", "name": "Water heater connections", "floor": "Basement / mechanical room", "what": "The heater receives cold water and sends heated water into the hot supply. Blue follows the cold inlet; orange follows the hot outlet.", "repipe": "The cold inlet and hot outlet connect the two halves of the supply network. We reconnect both, support the piping and account for the expansion tank and any line returning hot water to the heater." }, { "id": "laundry", "name": "Laundry supplies", "floor": "Basement / laundry", "what": "The washer has separate hot and cold connections. Its nearby valves let the machine be isolated for service.", "repipe": "The replacement runs end at the washer valves. An open wall lets us secure the laundry box and replace worn valves before reconnecting the hoses." }, { "id": "basement-sink", "name": "Basement sink", "floor": "Basement / bathroom", "what": "Two small branches bring hot and cold water to the faucet. The shutoffs beneath the sink control that fixture.", "repipe": "The cabinet gives access to the faucet connections. An open basement ceiling also gives us a route to other rooms; a finished ceiling needs selected openings to reach the same pipe." }, { "id": "kitchen", "name": "Kitchen sink", "floor": "Main floor / kitchen", "what": "Hot and cold lines reach the faucet through the cabinet. Nearby branches may also supply the dishwasher, refrigerator or a drinking-water filter.", "repipe": "We follow the hot and cold branches through the cabinet, including the dishwasher and refrigerator connections. Access from below can keep the backsplash and countertop intact." }, { "id": "upstairs-sink", "name": "Upstairs sink", "floor": "Upstairs / bathroom", "what": "Vertical pipes, called risers, carry water between floors. Smaller branches leave them to supply the bathroom.", "repipe": "We find a continuous path from the lower floor into this wall, then bring new hot and cold branches to the shutoffs beneath the sink. The old branches are disconnected when the new ones are in service." }, { "id": "shower", "name": "Shower valve", "floor": "Upstairs / bathroom", "what": "Hot and cold supplies meet at the valve behind the handle. The valve mixes them before water travels to the showerhead.", "repipe": "The supply connections are behind the handle. Opening the dry side of that wall can reach the valve while preserving the shower tile. With the body exposed, we can reconnect a sound valve or replace one that is worn out." }, { "id": "upstairs-toilet", "name": "Toilet supply", "floor": "Upstairs / bathroom", "what": "A toilet uses a cold-water branch to refill its tank. The small shutoff beside the toilet controls that supply.", "repipe": "The new cold branch ends at the shutoff beside the toilet. We reconnect its supply hose, fill the tank and check the connection while the valve is open." }, { "id": "drain-stack", "name": "Drain stack", "floor": "Between floors / wastewater", "what": "The stack is the large vertical drain. Upper-floor branches connect to it, and its lower end joins the building drain beneath the slab.", "repipe": "We support the heavy pipe above before cutting out a section. The replacement picks up each branch at the right height and joins sound pipe above and below." }, { "id": "underground", "name": "Below-slab drains", "floor": "Beneath the basement floor", "what": "Sloped branches collect basement wastewater and join the building drain on its way out of the house. The cutaway exposes those connections beneath the concrete.", "repipe": "We locate the damaged run before opening concrete. Rebuilding it includes the branch fittings, an even fall toward the outlet, stable bedding and the floor repair after testing." }, { "id": "vents", "name": "Drain vents", "floor": "Fixture connections / roof", "what": "Vent pipes provide an air path for the drainage system. That air movement helps preserve the water seals in fixture traps as wastewater moves through the drains.", "repipe": "A drain replacement includes the air connections serving those fixtures. We reconnect the vents as the drain branches are rebuilt so draining water does not pull the protective water seals out of the traps." } ], "materials": [ { "id": "pex", "name": "PEX", "definition": "Flexible cross-linked polyethylene tubing for hot and cold water.", "text": "PEX bends around turns and can often be fed through existing framing in long pieces. Fewer joints along a concealed run can mean fewer places that need working access.", "detail": "Expansion, crimp and clamp are different ways of securing PEX connections. We match the fittings to the tubing, support the runs and protect them at framing. Room for a proper bend matters: a tight kink can restrict the line.", "sources": [ "uponor", "nsf" ] }, { "id": "copper", "name": "Copper", "definition": "Rigid or flexible metal water tubing joined with appropriate fittings.", "text": "Copper makes firm, straight exposed runs. Solder joins the tube and fitting with a heated filler metal; press fittings use a tool to compress a connection around the tube.", "detail": "Rigid lengths need room to feed through the house and make each joint. That working space affects the openings and labor. Water conditions and the pattern of any previous copper failures also matter when choosing the replacement.", "sources": [ "copper", "nsf" ] } ], "stages": [ { "id": "plan", "name": "Walk the house", "title": "Find the route before opening the finish.", "text": "We follow the existing lines, count the connections and choose a route for the replacements. Closets, cabinets and unfinished ceilings often provide useful access. This is also when we arrange the permit, inspections and finish repairs.", "items": [ "Locate every bathroom, kitchen, laundry and outdoor supply.", "Choose access through ceilings, closets, cabinets or the back of a wet wall.", "Set the permit and inspection sequence with the project city.", "Agree on water interruptions and who repairs the finishes." ], "home": "Clear access under sinks and around the heater. Point out past leaks, previous repairs and the fixtures that lose flow.", "source_ids": [ "permit" ] }, { "id": "install", "name": "Run the new pipe", "title": "Build the replacement network.", "text": "We protect the work areas, open the selected walls or ceilings, and install the replacement runs. The pipe gets supports and protection where it passes through framing. The fixture connections stay accessible for testing.", "items": [ "Keep supply lines in protected, heated parts of the building.", "Support the tubing and protect it where it passes framing.", "Maintain access to service valves.", "Include the selected fixture stops and heater connections." ], "home": "Access follows the pipe between rooms. An upstairs bathroom can require an opening downstairs where the supply rises through the floor.", "source_ids": [ "uponor" ] }, { "id": "test", "name": "Test & switch over", "title": "Test the new work and reconnect the house.", "text": "We shut down and drain the affected supply, make the changeover and test the new connections. Flushing removes installation debris. Then we run the included fixtures, check delivery and look again for leaks before closing the openings.", "items": [ "Use the piping system’s test procedure and complete the inspection.", "Leave joints exposed while the new work is checked.", "Flush and operate every included hot and cold outlet.", "Disconnect the old network from the active supply." ], "home": "The changeover is the planned water-off period. Building new runs while the old system still operates can shorten that window when the routes and access allow it.", "source_ids": [ "uponor", "permit" ] }, { "id": "finish", "name": "Close & hand over", "title": "Finish the house around the new plumbing.", "text": "Once testing and inspection are complete, the openings can be patched. Drywall, texture, paint and tile are finish work around the new plumbing; arranging them before the repipe avoids an unfinished wall at the end.", "items": [ "Photograph the concealed runs before patching.", "Show the homeowner the new shutoffs.", "Provide material and warranty information.", "Complete the agreed wall, ceiling and tile repairs." ], "home": "Keep the route photos and the valve locations with your home records. They are useful when the next cabinet, shelf or remodel goes in.", "source_ids": [] } ], "quote": [ "Which hot, cold or drain runs are included, and where does the new work connect?", "Are all fixture stops, hose faucets and appliance branches included?", "What pipe, fittings and joining method will be used?", "Where will walls, ceilings or cabinets be opened?", "Who handles permits, inspections and testing?", "When will water be off, and can any part of the home stay supplied?", "Who handles patching, texture, painting and tile?", "What warranty covers the piping and the workmanship?" ], "faqs": [ { "question": "What does a whole-home repipe replace?", "answer": "A water-supply repipe replaces hot and cold lines from their starting connections through the fixture branches. A drain repipe rebuilds wastewater piping and its vent connections. During the walkthrough, we identify which system needs work and show where the replacements begin and end." }, { "question": "Why plan replacement when polybutylene has not leaked yet?", "answer": "PB has a documented history of tubing and fitting failures. An inspection identifies how much of the home still uses it, then a planned replacement lets you choose access, timing and finish repairs before a leak forces the work." }, { "question": "Will repiping improve weak flow?", "answer": "Replacing a corroded, restricted run can restore delivery to the fixtures it serves. We also check the incoming supply, shutoffs and pressure regulator. Those checks show whether the restriction is in the old pipe or another part of the water system." }, { "question": "When does old cast iron need replacement?", "answer": "Cracks, leaks, deteriorated pipe walls and recurring drainage trouble call for an inspection. The exposed pipe and camera findings help establish whether the work involves one section, a stack or a larger drain network. Access beneath concrete can be a major part of that project." }, { "question": "How long does repiping take?", "answer": "Count the connections and access work first. An open basement lets the crew reach many runs directly; finished rooms add opening and patching work. We schedule the plumbing, inspection and finish repair together, with the water-off period identified before work begins." }, { "question": "Can we stay in the house?", "answer": "Many households plan around the work area and scheduled water-off periods. We work out which bathroom will be usable, how the rooms will be protected and when water returns. Losing access to every bathroom can make staying elsewhere more practical during the changeover." }, { "question": "Does all the old pipe come out?", "answer": "We remove accessible old pipe. Concealed supply sections can remain in the building after they are drained and disconnected from the active water system. This avoids extra demolition solely to pull out retired tubing." }, { "question": "Can a repipe be done in stages?", "answer": "Yes. A staged project replaces a defined group of runs and connects it to sound existing pipe. Each stage needs a usable stopping point. Mapping the remaining old branches keeps the next stage clear and avoids paying to redo the same connections." }, { "question": "Does the new pipe change the wait for hot water?", "answer": "The cooled water already sitting in the hot line has to leave before newly heated water reaches the tap. Shorter routes and appropriate branch sizes reduce that stored volume. A recirculation system moves hot water around a return path and is another option to discuss while access is open." } ], "related": [ { "path": "/services/plumbing-remodel/", "name": "Plumbing remodels", "text": "Coordinate pipe work with the room and its finishes." }, { "path": "/leak-repair/", "name": "Leak repair", "text": "Find and repair an active water leak." }, { "path": "/water-heater-repair/", "name": "Water heaters", "text": "Understand the equipment supplying your hot water." }, { "path": "/services/water-service-line/", "name": "The buried service line", "text": "Follow the water supply from the meter to the house." } ], "cpvc": { "title": "Brittle CPVC makes repairs harder", "intro": "CPVC is rigid plastic used for hot and cold water. Older pipe loses flexibility and impact resistance. A line that cracks during a valve change can turn a small repair into a much larger opening.", "text": "When CPVC has repeated breaks or leaking joints in several areas, the next repair becomes part of a bigger decision. We map the damaged runs and compare a section replacement with new PEX or copper throughout the house.", "look": "Usually cream or tan pipe with solvent-cemented fittings. Look for CPVC printed on the pipe.", "source_ids": [ "cpvc" ] }, "cast_iron": { "title": "Old cast iron. The drain side of a repipe.", "intro": "Cast iron carries wastewater from sinks, showers and toilets. In an older home, it can run inside walls, between floors and beneath the basement slab.", "definition": "DWV means drain, waste and vent. Drains carry used water away; vents let air move through the system and help keep water in the traps that block sewer gas.", "condition": "Corrosion can thin the pipe wall until it leaks or splits. Buildup inside can hold debris and cause recurring blockages. The condition of the pipe between failures tells us how far replacement needs to go.", "inspection": "Exposed sections show cracks and leaking joints; a drain camera helps locate internal damage and standing water. We use those findings to mark the damaged run, its connections and the floor or wall openings needed to reach it.", "image": "/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/salt-lake-city-drain-cleaning-cast-iron-repair.png.webp", "alt": "Opened concrete floor exposing a black drain pipe during Mountain Man Plumbing repair work", "caption": "Access below the slab on a Mountain Man drain-repair job.", "work": [ { "title": "Support the stack", "text": "A stack is the vertical drain serving the floors above. Its weight needs support before a section is removed. New hangers and connections keep the replacement aligned." }, { "title": "Rebuild the drainage route", "text": "The new pipe needs continuous fall toward the outlet, properly arranged branch fittings and connected vents. Accessible cleanouts provide a place to service the drains later." }, { "title": "Join old and new correctly", "text": "The transition coupling must fit both pipe materials and their outside diameters. For above-ground changes between cast iron and plastic, a suitable shielded coupling provides a reinforced joint." }, { "title": "Plan the floor openings", "text": "A buried drain starts with concrete removal and excavation. The new pipe rests on prepared bedding, with an even downward slope to carry waste away. Testing and inspection happen before backfill and concrete cover the work." } ], "source_ids": [ "cast", "transition" ] }, "dwv_materials": { "title": "New drain & vent pipe: ABS or PVC", "intro": "ABS and PVC are lightweight, rigid plastic choices for replacing old cast-iron drains and vents. They serve the bathroom branches, vertical stacks and below-floor drains that carry wastewater out of the house.", "choices": [ { "id": "abs", "name": "ABS", "label": "Black drain pipe", "text": "Common in western homes, ABS is used for drains and vents. Pipe and fittings join with ABS solvent cement, which softens and fuses the mating surfaces." }, { "id": "pvc", "name": "PVC", "label": "White drain pipe", "text": "PVC DWV is another drain-and-vent option. Its joints typically use primer followed by PVC solvent cement. Sweeping drainage fittings guide wastewater through turns and branch connections." } ], "source_ids": [ "plastics" ] }, "decisions": [ { "id": "repair", "name": "One damaged spot", "title": "Repair the failed section", "finding": "A specific joint, valve or short piece has failed, and the surrounding pipe is in usable condition.", "judgment": "We repair that fault and check what caused it. A rubbed-through section needs protection at the contact point; a leaking valve needs attention at the valve. The surrounding pipe and repair history tell us whether the work can stay local.", "example": "What supports this choice: a defined failure, sound connections on both sides and normal service elsewhere." }, { "id": "partial", "name": "One failing branch", "title": "Replace the problem run", "finding": "Several problems follow the same line to one room or group of fixtures. Other runs remain in usable condition.", "judgment": "We follow that branch back to a sound connection and replace the trouble along its length. This can also fit a remodel where a wall or ceiling is already open. The work ends at a deliberate connection that can stay when the next section is replaced.", "example": "What supports this choice: the damage follows one route, and the remaining network has been examined." }, { "id": "whole", "name": "Problems across the house", "title": "Plan the network replacement", "finding": "Failures recur on separate runs, widespread corrosion restricts delivery, or older problem piping serves most of the home.", "judgment": "Repeated openings and separate repairs add up. A planned repipe replaces the shared runs and their fixture branches in one coordinated project. We map the outlets, choose access and arrange the changeover before the next failure dictates the schedule.", "example": "What supports this choice: a pattern across the network, with the new work reaching all the affected fixtures." } ], "decision_intro": "The decision starts with where the trouble is and how much sound pipe remains. Here is how those findings change the work.", "diagnosis": { "title": "Weak flow: follow the restriction", "text": "We compare hot and cold delivery, then run fixtures together. A problem at one faucet directs attention to that faucet and its branch. Trouble across several rooms sends us toward the shared supply, valves and regulator. This helps locate the restriction before choosing the replacement route.", "source_ids": [ "hud" ] }, "pex_comparison": { "title": "PEX-A vs. PEX-B: the quick version", "intro": "A and B identify how the plastic is cross-linked during manufacturing. Both are used for hot and cold drinking-water plumbing.", "types": [ { "name": "PEX-A", "text": "Made with the peroxide process. Generally more flexible, which helps feed long runs through an existing house. Commonly paired with expansion fittings: the tube and ring are expanded, then contract around the fitting." }, { "name": "PEX-B", "text": "Made with the silane process. Generally firmer to bend, so turns need more room. Common connections include crimp or clamp rings tightened around the tubing over an insert fitting; some systems use press fittings." } ], "takeaway": "Some PEX-B systems, including Zurn’s, also support expansion fittings. F1960 on the tubing identifies approval for that connection standard. Match the tube, ring, fittings and tools to the manufacturer’s system, then compare the bend space and working access your route needs.", "source_ids": [ "pex-types", "pex-connections", "zurn-expansion" ] } }